Home / Buying process
CategoryThe buying process, step by step
The general stages of buying a franchise in the United States, from research to opening.
From research to opening
Self-assessment
Define your budget, goals, lifestyle and, if applicable, immigration strategy.
Brand search
Explore industries and shortlist franchises that fit.
Initial contact
Information request and first calls with the franchisor.
FDD review
At least 14 days before signing; analysis with an attorney and accountant.
Validation
Conversations with current and former franchisees.
Discovery Day
Visit the brand to meet the team and confirm the fit.
Signing and financing
Sign the agreement, pay the fee and close financing.
Location and permits
Site selection, lease negotiation, build-out and licenses.
Training and opening
Training, hiring the team and launch.
Official sources: FTC – A Consumer’s Guide to Buying a Franchise · FTC – Franchise Rule
How long does it take?
As a general reference, the process usually takes 6 to 12 months. Models without a storefront can open faster; formats with construction or immigration filings may take longer.
Key checkpoints in the franchise buying process
Each stage of the buying process has a document or a rule you can verify. These checkpoints help you move forward without skipping steps.
The 14-day rule
Under the FTC Franchise Rule, the franchisor must give you the Franchise Disclosure Document at least 14 days before you sign a binding agreement or pay any money. Use that time to read all 23 Items, not just the investment tables.
Validation with franchisees
The FTC notes that talking to current and former franchisees may be the most reliable way to verify a franchisor’s claims. Item 20 of the FDD lists their contact information, so you can choose whom to call instead of relying only on references provided by the brand.
The contracts you will sign
Item 22 lists the agreements that are part of the offer, and Item 17 summarizes renewal, termination, transfer and dispute resolution. Have a franchise attorney review them before signing; the FTC also recommends consulting an accountant.
Financing before you commit
Since March 1, 2026, SBA 7(a) and 504 loans require owners to be U.S. citizens or nationals living in the United States. International investors should confirm the source of their funds early in the buying process, before signing.
Visa timing
If you need a visa to live in the United States and run the business, coordinate the buying process with an immigration attorney. For example, an E-2 visa requires capital that is invested or actively being invested, and no franchise purchase guarantees approval.
Sources: FTC, A Consumer’s Guide to Buying a Franchise · SBA · USCIS, E-2 Treaty Investors
Ready to review your case with a broker?
Book a session with a certified franchise broker and see which options fit your profile, budget and goals.